Performance Appraisal and Career Development

Performance Appraisal and career Development Ms. Garima Gupta (Assistant Professor, MBA&PGDM) Banshi Group of Institutions, Bithoor, Kanpur ABSTRACT: The paper focuses on the roles that are played by the employee, the manager and the employer in planning, guiding and developing the employee’s career and points out that appraisal works as a motivating tool for the same as it improves employee’s job performance by identifying strengths and weaknesses and determining how their strengths, may be best utilized within the organization and weaknesses be overcome.It throws light on the fact that people wants to choose occupations, jobs and a career that makes sense in terms of projected future demand for various types of occupation the co.uk/hrm-352/">performance Appraisal system helps the employees to become aware of their personal skills, interests, knowledge, motivation and other characteristics which help to identify their career related goals and establishes action pla ns to attain goals, research is done to find out the employer’s role and also his career development responsibilities, that depends on how long the employee has been with the firm, it is the employer only who serves as a mentor to helps the person learn that ropes are important , it focuses on the importance of employer that it is only he who contributes in a positive way to the employee’s career & matches the person’s strength & weaknesses with the feasible career path and believes that development is one of the important step that helps to improve the organization career planning process. Performance appraisal: It is defined as the method of judging the relative worth or the ability of an employee in performing his tasks. It lets the employee know how he is performing (whether his performance is meeting the set standard or not) and helps him to improve his performance if lacking. It is generally carried out to evaluate the employee’s performance and also to develop him by capitalizing his strengths and overcoming the weaknesses. Who will appraise: The Appraisal can be done by one or by the combination of following: 1. Employer(Supervisor) 2. Peer 3.High Level Manager 4. Customer 5. Subordinate 6. Self-Appraisal Appraisal————-A Motivating tool to develop Employee’s Career and improving job performance———————————————————–by identifying Employee’s strength and Weaknesses It has been noticed that appraising the employee helps a lot in improving his performance it helps to know that whether the employee is meeting the set standard or not if not then what are the lacking areas in which he is not able to perform well, in order to overcome this the weaknesses of employee are identified and proper steps are taken to improve them & utilize his strengths effectively.Employe r’s Role in Identifying person’s Strengths and weaknesses: It is the employer who keeps an eye on the employees during his job performance it is only he who assign the task and duties to the employees after identifying the employee’s area of interest, his abilities and competencies in performing the task, he is the one who notices that how well the employee is performing and also notices the points where employee does not perform well during the whole performance Appraisal and evaluation process the employer comes to know about the strengths and weaknesses of the employee and ask the employee to overcome his weaknesses as they may prove to be obstacle in the path of his career development ,it is the employer who advises the employee to match his strengths and weaknesses with the opportunity and threats prevailing in the organization to achieve the career growth . The Employer should find out that how long the employee is staying with the organization and whether the skills and interest of the employee are meeting with the job post or not.If not than it is the sole responsibility of the employer to help employee in overcoming his weaknesses by guiding and providing suggestions in developing required skills in the employee, as the employer serves as the mentor to the employee in boosting up their morale and inhibiting confidence in them so that they can move forward in their career and build them according to their wishes. A positive contribution is required from employer’s side. Employee’s strength and weaknesses identified by the Employer: By continuously monitoring the activities performed by the employee and also by evaluating employee’s performance the employer brings out following Strengths and weaknesses in the employee- STRENTHS: 1. Level of Education 2. Sound job knowledge . Work experience 4. Positive personal characteristics 5. Excellent communication skills 6. Problem solving abilities 7. Team building charac teristics 8. Sound judgment and decision making abilities 9. A good Initiator 10. Controlling and Delegating Abilities WEAKNESSES: 1. Lack of higher Education level 2. Inappropriate job knowledge 3. Lack of work experience 4. Negative personal characteristics 5. Lack of communication skills 6. Low problem solving abilities 7. Lack of team building characteristics 8. Lack of sound judgment and low decision making abilities 9. Lack of Initiative characteristics 10. Low delegating and Controlling abilitiesThough strengths are the internal positive aspects of employees, which should be capitalized whereas weaknesses are the internal negative aspects of employee, which should be improved. It has been noticed that it is very difficult for us to know about about our weaknesses as we only wish to see our positive sides and tries to ignore our negative aspects, in such situation employer plays very crucial role in identifying our strengths and weaknesses, during Appraisal the employee also c omes across the points where he lacks and tries the way to improve in that area , the Employer emphasizes on the fact that the employee should take steps to develop his, skills, interest, Style and values.An impressing personality also proves to be one of the most important factors for growth, one should inoculate the skills of sharp learning in himself so that it helps employee to know more and more about himself and helps him to improve himself in the areas where the employee is weak. , Which in turn proves to be very much important for the growth of the organization. Following points are very important for employee’s development- 1. Employer’s Feedback 2. Areas of Employee Development 3. Praise as well as criticism from the employers 4. Maintain/improve knowledge & skills 5. Maintain awareness of operating environment & organisation’s mandate 6. Know & understand scope of responsibilities & duties 7. Give feedback on performance expectations a nd assessment criteria 8.Give feedback on constraints to achieving targets 9. Produce & maintain high quality of output Employee Competency: An employee should be good in following points in order to become competent by capitalizing strengths and overcoming weaknesses- 1. He should have sound knowledge about his job profile and his working areas. 2. He should a positive attitude towards the responsibilities and duties assigned to him. 3. He should posses a positive behavior towards his subordinates for the achievement of goals. 4. He Should be strongly motivated But these competencies can be developed only through a sound Appraisal System that will help to find out the employee’s drawbacks, which can be improved, y Training and Development. The employee can achieve success in his work by matching his own needs with the needs of organization. MATCHING INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS ORGANIZATIONALNEEDSINDIVIDUAL NEEDS StaffingMaking career/job choice DevelopmentMaking contribution Leveling offFitting into organization RestaffingUsing Experience Career development is directly linked with Human Development. It ongoes throughout the lifespan of an individual resulting in the individuals growth both in their life and work, it basically refers to shaping your career in a way you wish to. It helps in developing capable employees with best skills, knowledge and behavior.Employer’s Role in Career Planning, Guiding and Developing the Employee’s Career: Following steps should be taken: †¢Know yourself: †¢Who are you? †¢What is your motivational type? †¢What is your personality type? †¢What are your career assets? †¢Assess where you are in relation to where you want to be †¢Identify your strengths and developmental needs †¢Benchmark your goals †¢Planning: Create Your Career Development Plan †¢Preparation: Have a Career Discussion and be Competition Ready By keeping above points in mind followin g characteristics are developed in the employees by the Employer to plan and develop their career- 1. Employee’s personal interest and abilities 2.Integrating the employee’s personal value system with the organizational culture. 3. Developing Team building Skills. 4. The employer to deal with conflicts, grievances, Stress, and emotions provides healthy tips. 5. Developing the feeling of commitment and competence among the employees. 6. Boosting up the employee’s Career. 7. Creates awareness among the employee about his unique characteristics that makes him different from others. It is the prime responsibility of the employer to take active interest in an employees career planning. Promotions in the job through appropriate Appraisal system that brings following points in the employee’s mind- 1. The employee gains a sense of satisfaction and security. 2.It helps to increase employee’s loyalty as they feel that the organization not only concerned in i ts development but also in the development of the employee. 3. The feeling of promotion motivates the employee to develop their personal skills and potential abilities for their personal growth and development. 4. It encourages employees to match their personal goals with the goals of organization for effective and efficient working that will yield fruitful results. 5. The employee will take keen interest in asking the employer about his strengths and weaknesses and will try to match them with the opportunities and threats of the organization he is working with.Career Development Initiatives: †¢A periodic review should be done by the employer to discuss about the career plan †¢Employer and the manager should take active part in guiding the employees on the issues related to their career development. †¢Job Rotation should be done so that they may understand the variations in their responsibilities. †¢An effective performance appraisal programme should be done to h elp employee know about their lacking areas †¢Helping employees in identifying their skills, interest and values. †¢Helping employees in developing their career goals based on the needs of the organization. †¢Relating employee’s current performance with future potentials. Transfers ,Promotions ,Demotions/Termination, Relocation Services, Outplacement Services, Development Opportunity Announcements, promotion of CD Opportunities. †¢Encourage employees take more ownership for their own career development References: †¢1998, Archer North & Associatiates, Introduction to Performance Appraisal, http://www. performance-appraisal. com/intro. htm †¢A framework for HRM-Gary Dessler †¢HRM-An Introduction-Angelo S. DeNisi,Ricky W. Griffin †¢Human Resource Management-Principles and Practices-PG Aquinas †¢Human Resource Management-Theory and Practices-Tapomoy Deb †¢Terrence H. Murphy (2004-03-24) (PDF). Performance Appraisals. †¢T homas F. Patterson (1987). Refining Performance Appraisal. †¢www. rhemagroup. com †¢www. slideshare. com †¢www. usuhs. mil/chr/idp. pdf

Digital Fortress Chapter 9

Systems security technician Phil Chartrukian had only intended to be inside Crypto a minute-just long enough to grab some paperwork he'd forgotten the day before. But it was not to be. After making his way across the Crypto floor and stepping into the Sys-Sec lab, he immediately knew something was not right. The computer terminal that perpetually monitored TRANSLTR's internal workings was unmanned and the monitor was switched off. Chartrukian called out, â€Å"Hello?† There was no reply. The lab was spotless-as if no one had been there for hours. Although Chartrukian was only twenty-three and relatively new to the Sys-Sec squad, he'd been trained well, and he knew the drill: There was always a Sys-Sec on duty in Crypto†¦ especially on Saturdays when no cryptographers were around. He immediately powered up the monitor and turned to the duty board on the wall. â€Å"Who's on watch?† he demanded aloud, scanning the list of names. According to the schedule, a young rookie named Seidenberg was supposed to have started a double shift at midnight the night before. Chartrukian glanced around the empty lab and frowned. â€Å"So where the hell is he?† As he watched the monitor power up, Chartrukian wondered if Strathmore knew the Sys-Sec lab was unmanned. He had noticed on his way in that the curtains of Strathmore's workstation were closed, which meant the boss was in-not at all uncommon for a Saturday; Strathmore, despite requesting his cryptographers take Saturdays off, seemed to work 365 days a year. There was one thing Chartrukian knew for certain-if Strathmore found out the Sys-Sec lab was unmanned, it would cost the absent rookie his job. Chartrukian eyed the phone, wondering if he should call the young techie and bail him out; there was an unspoken rule among Sys-Sec that they would watch each other's backs. In Crypto, Sys-Secs were second-class citizens, constantly at odds with the lords of the manor. It was no secret that the cryptographers ruled this multibillion-dollar roost; Sys-Secs were tolerated only because they kept the toys running smoothly. Chartrukian made his decision. He grabbed the phone. But the receiver never reached his ear. He stopped short, his eyes transfixed on the monitor now coming into focus before him. As if in slow motion, he set down the phone and stared in open-mouthed wonder. In eight months as a Sys-Sec, Phil Chartrukian had never seen TRANSLTR's Run-Monitor post anything other than a double zero in the hours field. Today was a first. TIME ELAPSED: 15:17:21 â€Å"Fifteen hours and seventeen minutes?† he choked. â€Å"Impossible!† He rebooted the screen, praying it hadn't refreshed properly. But when the monitor came back to life, it looked the same. Chartrukian felt a chill. Crypto's Sys-Secs had only one responsibility: Keep TRANSLTR â€Å"clean†-virus free. Chartrukian knew that a fifteen-hour run could only mean one thing-infection. An impure file had gotten inside TRANSLTR and was corrupting the programming. Instantly his training kicked in; it no longer mattered that the Sys-Sec lab had been unmanned or the monitors switched off. He focused on the matter at hand-TRANSLTR. He immediately called up a log of all the files that had entered TRANSLTR in the last forty-eight hours. He began scanning the list. Did an infected file get through? he wondered. Could the security filters have missed something? As a precaution, every file entering TRANSLTR had to pass through what was known as Gauntlet-a series of powerful circuit-level gateways, packet filters, and disinfectant programs that scanned inbound files for computer viruses and potentially dangerous subroutines. Files containing programming â€Å"unknown† to Gauntlet were immediately rejected. They had to be checked by hand. Occasionally Gauntlet rejected entirely harmless files on the basis that they contained programming the filters had never seen before. In that case, the Sys-Secs did a scrupulous manual inspection, and only then, on confirmation that the file was clean, did they bypass Gauntlet's filters and send the file into TRANSLTR. Computer viruses were as varied as bacterial viruses. Like their physiological counterparts, computer viruses had one goal-to attach themselves to a host system and replicate. In this case, the host was TRANSLTR. Chartrukian was amazed the NSA hadn't had problems with viruses before. Gauntlet was a potent sentry, but still, the NSA was a bottom feeder, sucking in massive amounts of digital information from systems all over the world. Snooping data was a lot like having indiscriminate sex-protection or no protection, sooner or later you caught something. Chartrukian finished examining the file list before him. He was now more puzzled than before. Every file checked out. Gauntlet had seen nothing out of the ordinary, which meant the file in TRANSLTR was totally clean. â€Å"So what the hell's taking so long?† he demanded of the empty room. Chartrukian felt himself break a sweat. He wondered if he should go disturb Strathmore with the news. â€Å"A virus probe,† Chartrukian said firmly, trying to calm himself down. â€Å"I should run a virus probe.† Chartrukian knew that a virus probe would be the first thing Strathmore would request anyway. Glancing out at the deserted Crypto floor, Chartrukian made his decision. He loaded the viral probe software and launched it. The run would take about fifteen minutes. â€Å"Come back clean,† he whispered. â€Å"Squeaky clean. Tell Daddy it's nothing.† But Chartrukian sensed it was not â€Å"nothing.† Instinct told him something very unusual was going on inside the great decoding beast.

Aaj Taak News Channel

l Aajtak news is the leading news channel and the #1 rated 24-hour Hindi-language news channel in India. Aajtak is the fastest news channel provides information from all over India. Aajtak is the winner of many awards of News filed. Aaj Tak has earned the tag line Nations Best News Channel due to its aggressive journalism and cutting edge reporting. It has a reach of more than 45 million viewers in India. This is the only channel that connects you to the whole world not after the event happens, but on the time of incidents happen, so this is the only channel that lives you and connects you to the whole world. Not only the news, has this also entertained the public by showing varities of show. This is the only channel of India that remains Indians connected not only with the news but also with some other knowledgeable things and with the entertainment world also. Aaj Tak is the world class broad caster of News that provides not only the Indians but also the foreigners its services by warming up the people through its hot and live news. Aaj Tak gives information to public about each and every field i. e. News regarding each and every field. Therefore Aaj Tak is the perfect and Up to date News Channel. Aaj Taks wide array of news programming includes daily news bulletins on Aaj Subaha and 10tak, politics, sports, business, entertainment, international coverage and much more. Aaj Tak delivers the latest news in a viewer friendly language – as and when it happens. Besides the unrivalled bulletin coverage, Aaj Tak has also pioneered feature-based programming within the news genre with leading shows such as Seedhi Baat, Cinema, Khel and Jurm. It reaches to people in remote villages too, where this channel is hugely popular because of the channel`s India centric programmin * BOARD OF DIRECTOR’S Aroon Purie: Chairman and Managing Director, is the Founding Editor and Editor-in-Chief of India Today and Chairman of the India Today Group. He is a graduate from the London School of Economics with a degree in Economics and is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (England Wales). Mr. Purie: Has greatly contributed to journalism in India. He entered the publishing business and founded the India Today Group. Rakesh Kumar Malhotra Is a commerce graduate from Hansraj College, Delhi University. He has about 28 years of experience in Business and Industry. Mr. Malhotra is the Chairman of the Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee. Anil Vig Is the Managing Director of Anika International Private Limited, a company engaged in imports and exports, and of Ebony Fashions Private Limited, one of the largest textile manufacturers in India. He is also a partner in Aristo Chemical Analytical Works. He has completed his Bachelors of Arts in Commerce from the Delhi University and later studied at the Paper School in Finland. Anil Mehra: is proprietor of Anil Mehra Company, Chartered Accountants and is a partner of Mehra, Singh Vishwanath, Chartered Accountants. He completed his Bachelors in Commerce from the Delhi University and obtained professional accreditation as a Fellow Chartered Account from the Institute of Chartered Accountants (England Wales) and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Mr. Mehra has over 30 years of audit experience in statutory audit, internal audit, management audit, and in special investigative audits of private and public companies. He also has experience in advising companies on financial manageme Rajeev Thakore Completed his Bachelor of Arts in Economics from St. Stephens College, New Delhi, MBA from University of Saskatchewan, Canada and Pre Business Program from Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA. He has about 20 years of experience in banking and financial services sectors. At present, Mr. Rajeev Thakore is the Managing Director of Jacob Ballas Capital India Pvt. Limited and Jacob Ballas Information Technologies India Pvt. Limited. Ashok Kapur Is a Bachelor of Architecture. Being an Industrialist with vast experience in diversified field, he holds position of Director in many well known Public and Private Limited Companies. Ms. Koel Purie Rinchet: Has Graduated in the field of Acting from Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA) and Graduated in Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) from University of York. Ms. Rinchet holds 15 years of experience in the field of films and dramatic arts, as an actor, producer, assistant director, host and anchor etc. She is well known in the television and film industry in India. Her achievements and experience during the last 15 years in films, dramatic arts provide a vital insight to the entertainment industry. History and major events The key milestones of our business are as under: TV Today Network Limited (TVTN) was incorporated on December 28, 1999 as a company with a limited liability under the Companies Act, 1956. TVTN received the certificate of commencement of business on February 7, 2000. TVTN is promoted by Living Media India Limited (LMIL), its holding company. LMIL had been conducting News Broadcasting business through one of its divisions, TV Today Division since 1994. TV Today Division has been transferred to TVTN as a going concern by Business Transfer Agreement executed between LMIL and TVTN. Presently, TVTN runs four 24 hours News Current Affairs channels, namely Aaj Tak, Dilli Aaj Tak and Tez in Hindi and Headlines Today in English. CALENDAR YEAR| EVENTS| | | 1988| Launched Newstrack, a 90 minute monthly video cassette covering the news of India and the Asian sub-continent. | | | 1994| Produced Style Today, a weekly half-hour fashion magazine. | | | 1995| Produced a 20-minute Hindi news bulletin, Aaj Tak, aired on the Metro channel of Doordarshan. | | | 1996| Launched Good Morning Today and Sapthahik Aaj Tak. Aired special election programs such as Aap Ki Sarkar. | | 1997| Launched Business Aaj Tak and aired the proceedings of the Union Budget 1997 in Parliament and also aired its analysis. Newstrack transformed into a weekly television programme aired on the Metro channel of Doordarshan. | | | 1998| Newstrack was telecast on Star TV for one year. Launched Subah Aaj Tak, Dilli Aaj Tak, Gaon Aaj Tak, Aaj Ki Naari and Aaj Ka Agenda. Also aired Election Results 1998, Aap Ka Faisla, Economic Survey, Curtain Raiser to the Budget, and Assembly Elections. | | | 1999| TV Today Network Limited Incorporated. | | | 000| Living Media, transferred news broadcasting business to TV Today, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Business Transfer Agreement. Aaj Tak launched as a 24-hour news channel providing Hindi news. | | | 2001| Aaj Tak declared the Best News Channel by Indian Television Academy Awards in 2001. | | | 2002| Aaj Tak declared the Best News Channel by Indian Television Academy Awards in 2002. | 2003| Launched the English news channel, Headlines Today. Aaj Tak declared the Best News Channel by Indian Television Academy Awards in 2003 and TV News Channel of the Year Award by Indian Telly Awards 2003. | PROGRAM’S SCHEDULE , . . , . :   3:30 . , . . , . . . . , ? - . :   4. 30 . . . -? - . :   5. 30 . , . . . , - . . . : 11 . . - . . ? . :   11. 30 . . , . . , . , , . :   9. 30 . ? , . . . . . . :   8 8. 30 . 10 -? - . , . 10 , ? , . . : 10 . . . ? , ? . , . 10 . , . . . ?. :   10 . - . , . . . :   7 . OUR BUSINESS We are the leading news broadcaster of India, based on number of viewers for the week ended November 15, 2003. We have changed the way news is delivered to Indian audiences and have continuously innovated to retain and increase our viewership. With viewership of approximately 22. 7 million viewers, as per TAM viewership data for week ended November 15, 2003, we have effectively created a unique platform of a large and loyal audience for the advertisers to reach their target group. We believe that our leadership position is on account of our superior understanding of the audience preferences based on our management’s experience in the news business, since the launch of Newstrack, in 1988. The key milestones achieved since 1988 have been elaborated in the section â€Å"Our History† on page 43 of the Prospectus. Our consistent leadership position, we believe, in terms of number of viewers for the period May 2001 to November 15, 2003, is due to our editorial excellence, independent distribution and sales capabilities, customized state-of-the-art technology and a motivated team of well-qualified professionals. We are the first Indian broadcaster to uplink from India, a 24 hour Hindi news channel, Aaj Tak in December 2000, followed by the launch of Headlines Today in March 2003. Aaj Tak delivers news in Hindi, reaching out to the large Hindi user segment constituting approximately 52% of India’s urban population as per NRS 2002. The Indian Television Academy awarded Aaj Tak the â€Å"Best News Channel† for three consecutive years 2001, 2002 and 2003 and the channel was awarded the â€Å"TV News Channel of the Year† during Indian Telly Awards 200 2 and 2003. Aaj Tak is the market leader in the news broadcasting genre with approximately 29% market share in the Hindi news genre as per TAM viewership data for week ending November 15, 2003, and has been the market leader since May 2001, as per TAM VIEWERSHIP DATA. l Our English news channel, Headlines Today, primarily targets young urban viewers, who need sharp and crisp delivery of news. Our market share was approximately 9% amongst English news channels, according to TAM viewership data for the week ending November 15, 2003 We intend to maintain our leadership position by investing in infrastructure, technology and people to cater to the fast growing needs of viewers and advertisers. We will consolidate our market leadership by capitalising on the growth opportunities that we believe exist, in the Indian broadcasting industry such as niche channels, adopting the subscription revenue model, and international distribution of our channels. For the financial year 2003 and the four month period ended July 31, 2003, our operating revenues were approximately Rs. 1084. 9 million and Rs. 367. 9 million, respectively, EBITDA was approximately Rs. 543. 6 million and Rs. 172. 8 million, respectively, and our net profit was approximately Rs. 259. 3 million and Rs. 82. million, respectively. AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS Our strong position in the Indian news broadcasting market has won us various awards and recognitions, including: l Aaj Tak received the â€Å"Best News Channel Award† from Indian Television Academy Awards in 2001, 2002 and 2003; l Aaj Tak was awarded the â€Å"TV News Channel of the Year† during Indian Telly Awards 2002 and 2003; l Only media brand to be included in the Brand Derby study by Business Standard, 2002; l Aaj Tak was rated as â€Å"India’s #1 News Channel in terms of brand recall, credibility and lead time† in June 2003 by Exchange4media. om NFO MBL television News Watch; and l Aaj Tak has been rated as one of the most successful brand launches during the past seven years, in the Brand Derby in the study conducted by Business Standard, September 2003. BUSINESS STRATEGY We believe that we are well positioned to expand in the fast growing news broadcasting industry which is well positioned to achieve further growth as a result of increasing penetration, viewer preference to continuously stay informed and the growing number of advertisers in the news broadcasting genre. Our strategic objective is to further consolidate our leadership position in the news Increase viewership by upgrading our studios and bureaus, investing in state-of-the-art technology and software, creatively innovate to differentiate ourselves from competition to increase viewer loyalty, launching niche channels and distributing our news channels to Indians abroad; Capture an increasing share of advertising revenue potential by introducing innovations and incentives in our annual rate card, focus on offering sponsorships of our programs, offering differentiated programming mix at the weekends and expanding time bands and increasing inventory utilization; l Significantly increase the inventory utilization on Headlines Today; l Charge subscription revenue, when appropriate; and l Managing growth while optimizing cost

Homework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Homework - Research Paper Example focus on standardizing the models that they use in carrying out their businesses and dedicate the needs of the IT system leading to a better performance. The institution should also consider the major forces that affect its profitability and align the IT system with the most current business practices that in carries. The top management of the institution should channel its efforts on prioritizing for equal resource allocations, while on the other hand the I/C management puts its focus on making an IT system that works following the guidelines of the company’s top management. On the level of service, the focus should be placed on the basic needs of the target customers and the IT performance should be based on the doctors of Peachtree new system design that brings about reliability without squashing doctors independence (Too far ahead of the curve? 2007). Again, the institution can use a service level alignment to ensure that all their external and internal domains align, maintain the quality of the care that they provide, their greatest assets and all the doctors to receive and play a part in the implementation process. To retain the doctors flexibility in decision-making, there should be an introduction of an IT system that is in a position to allow for surgical standardization. The institution should provide a user-friendly system for doctors by placing its focus on extreme system simplicity while at the same time maintaining the care quality for their businesses. Using pre-built SOA modules when possible and at the same time, basing all the modules will improve the communication and the interface between the doctors and the management in each module (‘too far ahead of the curve? 2007). Peachtree can also focus on purchasing custom- built services and channel its energies on those modules that pertain only to their business. As per this reason, it is imperative to come up with the strategic partnership to implement, operate and update a standardized

Management of Occupational Health and Safety Essay

Management of Occupational Health and Safety - Essay Example "Now 25 years on, it is time to give a new impetus to health and safety at work. Too many deaths still occur at work. Each death or serious injury in the workplace is a tragedy; a tragedy that causes devastation for workers, their families and loved ones; a tragedy which, perhaps, could have been avoided in the first place" says Deputy Prime Minister in his forward. (http://www.hse.gov.uk/revitalising/strategy.pdf) A great number of working days are lost every year due to ill-health and injury showing the importance of reducing the incidence of work related ill health and accidents. Government and connected organisations have been trying all ways of reducing such fatalities and injuries. Government also launched their Securing Health Together (SHT) programme and the main intention had been controlling work related ill health (WRIH). There were necessities and compulsions that forced the government to set targets and specific aims. While doing so, several priority areas have been identified. "The aim of Revitalising Health and Safety is to... There was an immediate need of upgrading health and safety measures in Britain and studies and surveys have shown that ill health and accident rates were spiralling up instead of coming down and this alarmed the Government. There were many fatalities especially in the construction industry. There are many workplaces similar to construction where health and safety hazards are rampant and they needed immediate government attention. "The challenge for all stakeholders is to reduce deaths, injuries and work-related ill health. Government Departments are required to Demonstrate that they are leading by example and are using best practice in health and safety management" http://www.ogc.gov.uk/documents/InformationNote2100.pdf Government and HSC decided to work in partnership all connected parties to introduce a series of reforms and improvements keeping workers' health and safety as goals. This ambitious project was undertaken with the specific need of better safety and health measures to meet the requirement of the changing, globalising world and expanding businesses in need of fit and secure work force. IMPACT ON SAFETY: The introduction of revitalisation for a period of ten years made tremendous impact on safety of workers at all workplaces. In Britain, there was not a single work place which remained untouched at one point or other as a result of this measure. The immediate targets were to "reduce the number of working days lost per 100,000 workers from work-related injury and ill health by 30 by 2010; reduce the incidence rate of cases of work-related ill health by 20% by 2010; reduce the incidence rate of fatalities and major injuries by 10% by 2010; and

Modern Mums International Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Modern Mums International Marketing Plan - Essay Example Established in 2000 by Mary Polion, Modern Mums is a small company situated in Dublin, specializing in maternity wear. The company has established sales in Ireland through establishment of outlets in department stores and other independent outlets. It hastily won recognition and sales for its modern clothes, which proved particularly popular with working-class women. It has established a good sales base in Ireland and is selling in the UK to such prestigious retailers such as Harrods, John Lewis and Selfridges. Today the company employs 80 people manufacturing and selling maternity wear for the Irish and the export markets. Until now, export activities have been concentrated in the UK market (primarily department stores like Harrods). The firm depends heavily on a personal approach to secure orders. Potential buyers receive a presentation on the range from Mary herself or from Celine Murphy, the firm’s Chief Designer. In recent years, Modern Mums has come under increasing inte rnational competitive pressure in both the domestic and UK markets. Chain stores from the UK and mainland Europe have made significant inroads in the Irish market. Several of the European chains use global sourcing and large volumes to keep prices down. Mary has decided to fight back by expanding her business to mainland Europe and has identified three countries including Germany, France and Italy. The most effective market among the three options the company has identified is Germany. This paper discusses the international marketing plan that Modern Mums can adopt to establish competitive advantage in Germany. Current Business Situation in Germany The prominent drivers of the maternity wear markets in Germany include fashion, consumer confidence and the increased income levels. According to Rama Rao, (2008), the maternity wear market grew over 1% in European countries within two years to 2009 to reach 140 million dollars. Germany is the largest clothing and maternity wear market in the European Union with an estimated purchase of 51 billion pounds. The German clothing industry forms the second largest consumer industry being excelled by food and beverage industry. Germany is the largest importer of maternity clothing in the European Union with the imports accounting for 90% of the maternity wear sold in Europe (Hauser, 2010:2). The market has not grown as strongly as the regular women’s wear maternity wear is relatively expensive. Statistics indicate that trousers are the most popular maternity wear item that is purchased in the market followed by tops and jeans. The difference in the popularity of these items is caused by the variation in age. Pregnant women under the age of 25 years would buy more jeans and tops compared to their elder counterparts. The increasing number of mature first time mothers i.e. between 25-35 years of age has widened the market for maternity wears targeting older women in Germany. Most of them are career people who would req uire an outfit that would enable them carry out their official duties without clothing stress. The increased preference of small families implies that people have more resources for spending during pregnancy than when handling larger families. Additionally, most German women are choosing to

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Science - Essay Example Inrecentyears,acompletely new field of technology has developed from advances in the life sciences. Known as biotechnology, it involves such varied activities as genetic engineering, the manipulation of genetic material of cells or organisms, and cloning, the formation of genetically uniform cells, plants, or animals. Although still in its infancy, many scientists believe that biotechnology will play a major role in many fields, including food production, waste disposal, and medicine. Economics may appear to be the study of complicated tables and charts, statistics and numbers, but, more specifically, it is the study of what constitutes rational human behavior in the endeavor to fulfill needs and wants. We can say, therefore, that economics, often referred to as the "dismal science", is a study of certain aspects of society. Adam Smith (1723 - 1790), the "father of modern economics" and author of the famous book "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations", spawned the discipline of economics by trying to understand why some nations prospered while others lagged behind in poverty. Others after him also explored how a nation's allocation of resources affects its wealth. (Investopedia) What is the relevance of studying economics Alfred Marshall enumerated the following as reasons for the study of economics: a. Students need to develop economic ways of thinking and problem solving that they can use in their lives as consumers, savers, entrepreneurs, investors, workers, citizens, and participants in a global economy; b. Economics creates a more vivid understanding of costs and benefits than any other subject; c. Students who do not appreciate the accomplishments of a market economy will not work to preserve it; d. Students must understand economics to become productive members of the workforce; e. The case for economic literacy is the case for democracy itself. If war is too serious to be left to military professionals, economic understanding is too important to be left to economists;. SCIENCE Science is systematicstudyof anything that can be examined, tested, and verified. From its early beginnings, science has developed into one of the greatest and most influential fields of human endeavor. Today different branches of science investigate almost everything that can be observed or detected, and science as a whole shapes the way we understand the universe, our planet, ourselves, and other living things. Foralargepartofrecorded history, science had little bearing on people's everyday lives. Scientific knowledge was gathered for its own sake, and it had few practical applications. Today, science has a profound effect on the way we live, largely through technology-the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Otherfieldsofscience also play an important role in the things we use or consume every day. Research in food technology

Common Pool Resources - Privatization or Collective Action Assignment

Common Pool Resources - Privatization or Collective Action - Assignment Example Regulating the manner in which oil is produced will ensure that it is well preserved and it can be effective as a pool resource. Privatization will ensure that oil production can specialized in accordance to its requirement as a pool resource. Oil can only be refined or obtained in particular areas and regions, which adds to the ideology of the resource being produced and refined through privatization. It implies that specialization (based on regions) is the best course of action for production (Ramanadham, 1993). Therefore, oil as a resource should be privatized. Forests require a collective effort. I say this because the general state of global forests is abysmal. This is a prime reason as to why individuals must do the best they can to ensure that the forest are preserved and developed to ensure that they are wiped out. Privatization would be inadequate because forests are required on a global scale and their maintenance cannot be done a few companies (Ramanadham, 1993). Developing a forest will take time and cannot be carried out by a few companies. Since forests can be developed in numerous areas, in contrast to oil, making it a collective action is the best measure of ensuring the pool resource does not run

Critical Exploration by Using Gibbs Model Essay - 1

Critical Exploration by Using Gibbs Model - Essay Example A 2nd-year student is practicing as a nurse at a hospital. The girl is very sweet, caring and loving towards her patients. She is always up to help other staff members with a smile. However, she has trouble in being able to prioritize and co-ordinate the attention needs of patients that we both have duties for. She also seems to lack confidence in her nursing skills and has teething troubles in linking theory to practice.  The result of the study reveals that the girl needs to understand what she wants to achieve. In this case, it is very obvious what she wants to achieve but she is not sure how to achieve it. The consequences of not prioritizing her duties make her more frustrated and annoyed and at the end of the day, nothing has achieved the way she wants to achieve it. It is also expected that some of the patients end up saying that want a different nurse to take care of them. As frequently does not complete the instructions given to her by these other staff and leaves the care given to patients unfinished. At the second stage of the Gibbs model, it can be said that the girl needs this practice because she wants to end up at some great hospital but if she continues to give such results that are poor practices, poorly set priorities it is giving out a bad image of her and the further recommendation for her are at stake. The student for sure feels the responsibility she has but as an amateur, she is finding difficulties in some areas and usually panics. She needs someone to guide her for at least a week so that she improves her practice and give satisfying results. However, the good part is the girl is willing to help. She wants to be someone and never refuses to work. In short, the girl has proved to be a very hard working dedicated worker but needs to manage things a little more. Most nursing students will attain the expertise criterions they need to catalog but tutors may be faced with an apprentice whose  presentation is scrawny.

A family ritual to strengthen family bonds Essay Example for Free

A family ritual to strengthen family bonds Essay As I was answering the Family rituals questionnaire, I felt good as i was somewhat compelled to reminisce the activities which I shared with my family when I was a child. It feels good to see that our family got a high score in the questionnaire. In only proves that we have been quite close as a family. I was only mesmerized as I recalled those moments when we simultaneously scan our old pictures and laugh at the way all of us looked in the past. I also enjoyed recalling the fond memories of our excursions when I was still a child. Personally, I do not want to change that kind of relationship which I had with my family in the past. I would like us to maintain this close relationship we have right now. For me, this is how families are supposed to be. Families are supposed to spend most of the time together so they can be updated with the events happening to one another. In this sense, they will always be available to succor when one among the family members is having some dilemma. In addition to that, the intimacy between them will not be lost; and instead, will only be kindled. That feeling of intimacy will make them more comfortable and more expressive with one another. The ritual that I would like to apply to my family is a unique Islamic tradition called Eid al-Fitr. Eid al-Fitr is being done some time after Ramadan. It is basically a tradition celebrating the success of the recently done Ramadan which is a whole month of blessings and joy. Moreover, Eid al-Fitr is also the extension of these blessings and joy to those who happen to be less fortunate. Every Muslim family must offer some donation of any kind to those who are in need. They do this so the needy can participate in the celebration as well. This is done before the end of the Eid so all the people can be prepared for the jubilation. When the day of the Eid comes, all of the participants will gather outdoors – in mosques – to perform a prayer that is especially for the Eid. Afterwards, the participants will begin to disperse and mingle with one another. They will meet up with their families, friends and other acquaintances to give presents and express their cordial greetings. If they have relatives who are not present and cannot go to the event, they can call them on the hoping and likewise extend their wishes. This event usually lasts for three days to allow the Muslims make the most out of the celebration. The meaning of this ritual is that it can manifest the unity and comradeship among its participants. By extending their warm wishes to other people and giving donations to those who are in need, the participants learn to take care aside from their selves and value other people as well. The act of giving donations can be symbolically interpreted as an act of offering something that sincerely comes from the self. The act is like transcending the self and its own interests in order to extend one’s hands to other people. By applying this ritual with my family, I aim that my family will have a sense of responsibility and learn how to work as a group. Moreover, I can also reinforce family planning. My family will learn that they also have responsibility over other people –their fellowmen – and that all of us must unite for a singular cause. By promoting the behavior of giving donations to the poor and mingling with the family members, the unity of a singular cause is reinforced. As we harbor in mind the need to achieve a singular purpose, we will learn how to work as a group. In the latter process, we will develop a more cohesive bond among ourselves. The part of mingling with other people can only encourage us to commune more deeply with one another and be aware of one another’s experiences. As the ritual will be repetitious, all of its objectives will be recurrently addressed. In addition to that, by mingling with the family members in the course of the ritual, we will realize the importance of family planning. In our family, there are more than ten of us who are siblings and it will surely be harder for us to greet one another while doing the ritual. Lastly, I think that the ritual need not to change as the members of the family grow older. We must only adapt with one another and our family embers – and our oscillating temperaments, tastes and yearnings. The touchstone of the ritual is that we feel the warm company of our family members as we do and enjoy doing things together. In that sense, my two goals can be achieved. We learn that we are responsible for the welfare of our family members and we learn to work collectively in making all of us grow individually as persons and the family as a whole.

Introduction To The Criminal Justice System

Introduction To The Criminal Justice System What do we mean by the Criminal Justice System (CJS)? This essay aims to answer the question What do we mean by the Criminal Justice System? In order to do this, we will start by looking at an introduction to the criminal justice system and briefing talking through the different agencies it is comprised of. We will then go on to look at the three main government departments and map out their responsibilities. This essay then intends to question whether or not the CJS is actually a system and to discuss conflict that may arise between the different agencies. In order to understand the system, it must be broken down into three stages. These stages include the police, the courts and the prisons. These can be evaluated to determine whether or not the CJS is effective. The Criminal Justice System is one of the main public services in the UK. It is made up of specific agencies that respond to the commission of offences. These work together and share similar aims and objectives. These agencies include the Police Service, the Crown Prosecution Service, Her Majestys Court Service, The National Offender Management Service and the Youth Justice Board (cjsonline.gov.uk march 2010). All of these agencies are directed by three main government departments. These are the Home Office, the Ministry of Justice and the Office of Attorney General. These departments work together and each of these is responsible for different services within the system. The Home Office was set up in the 18th century and although many changes have been made since this time, its key objective is to protect the public therefore it is responsible for areas such as policing and security. This makes it responsible for all 43 police forces within England and Wales. It is run by the Home Secretary who sets agendas and has management boards in order to make sure its aims and objectives are carried out and their services are being delivered to the public. The Ministry of Justice was established in 2007 and took over some of the responsibilities of the Home Office. It is in charge of the justice system with areas such as criminal law and sentencing. One of its departmental strategic objectives is to ensure a more effective, transparent and responsive criminal justice system for victims and the public (http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/justice-annual-report-08-09ii.pdf p48). It is now headed by the Lord Chancellor which can also be known as the Secret ary of State for Justice and like the Home Office, it also has a management board. The Ministry of Justice now also carries out the duties for the Department for Constitutional Affairs which manages the Legal Services Commission and certain courts. The Office of the Attorney General was established to provide advice to law officials. One of its main responsibilities is to guard the rule of the law and of public interest (http://www.attorneygeneral.gov.uk/AboutUs/Pages/default.aspx). It is accountable for the law offenders department which is made up of agencies like the Crown Prosecution Service and the National Fraud Authority. In order to certify that these three departments work together, Local Criminal Justice Boards were set up. There are 42 of these boards and ensure that all of the aims of the three boards are carried out in their local area. Ashworth (2010) claims that the CJS is not a system. It quotes that To refer to it as a system is merely a convenience and an aspiration (p71) although Newburn (2007) believes that there is evidence to show that they work in partnership and share similar goals (p549). Despite these similar goals overall, each stage of the CJS sometimes has different objectives which may result in conflict between the different agencies. For example, the courts may sentence a person to prison to be punished, while probation officers would attempt to rehabilitate them. With these differing objectives, the Office for Criminal Justice Reform (OCJR) was set up to ensure these agencies collaborated effectively and delivered the aims of the CJS. These aims are to prevent and detect more crime, to give victims and witnesses more support and to punish and rehabilitate more offenders http://www.cjsonline.gov.uk/the_cjs/how_it_works/. These aims must be carried out in order for the criminal justice system to be effective. Each of these aims can be applied to the different stages within the CJS. These stages consist of the police, the courts and also the prisons. Each has a different role within the system with different objectives. The police are there to prevent and detect more crime; this can be done through arrests while the courts are there to sentence offenders and the prisons to punish. The police are the primary stage in the prevention of crime (Joyce p84). In most cases the agencies never respond at all as the CJS starts with the arrest of a suspect or with the reporting of a crime. The police have the authority to refer a person to the next stage of the CJS. This is done as they have to enforce the law with the intention to keep the peace. The courts have the power to sentence an offender and a custodial sentence is the toughest punishment the courts can impose while the prisons function is to punish an offender. From this it would appear that the CJS is based upon punishment, however this is not the case. Only specific agencies focus solely on the penal system. Once an offender is sentenced by the court, the offender enters the penal system (Cavadino p1). The penal system is a system that exists to punish and otherwise deal with those who have been convicted of criminal offences (Cavadino p408). The CJS in the UK is not only about punishment but also about the rehabilitation of offenders. Therefore, it protects the public in both the long and short term http://www.cjsonline.gov.uk/downloads/application/pdf/CJS_Review.pdf. Rehabilitation believes that punishment can reduce the incidence of crime by taking a form which will improve the individual offenders character or behaviour and make him or her less likely to reoffend in future (Cavadino p41) The three stages mentioned earlier collaborate well as all three have the objective to protect the public. In order to find out whether or not each of these stages are effective, they can be measured by a number of different means. BCS Police statistics Clear up rates Sentencing has increased in recent years. This can be proved by the increase in prisoners. Since 1980 the prison population increased from 42,000 to 85,000 in 2009 (REF). Despite this increase, it cannot be proved that there is an increase in crime as it may be due to stricter and harsher sentences being imposed by the courts. Regardless of this, respondents to the BCS were asked whether they thought sentences were too tough, about right or too lenient, with over three quarters (76%) feeling that sentences were too lenient (Home Office Policing and criminal justice p12). Due to this increase in the prison population, it has been claimed that the conditions prisoners live in has made it difficult to rehabilitate offenders (Joyce p365) and that it is possible that the prisons may be violating Article three of the Convention (Ashworth p316). One of the problems that an increase in prison population has caused is overcrowding. This can lead to inmates being contained to their cells for l ong periods of time (Ashworth p316) and the denial to rehabilitative programmes (Joyce p377). These overcrowded prisons can lead to aggression and can damage a persons health and wellbeing. Other issues that are concerned with prison conditions include an increase in drug use, security problems and also the financing of the prisons. These conditions may also affect reoffending rates due to not being able to rehabilitate a person. Victimisation surveys is a survey which interviews a sample of the public and provide a relatively accurate measure of crime rates (Newburn p62) as they include crimes that have not been reported to or recorded by the police. Despite this, they still cannot be 100% accurate and reliable due to the fact that they exclude victimless crimes such as Punishment completions Self report surveys Issues influencing the CJSs ability to be effective Confidence levels/ satisfaction Reliability of stats The media can influence a persons perception of the CJS. GOOD The media presents information to the public of crimes. This can be done through new reporting and also television programmes such as Crimewatch which give the public accounts of events through real life footage and reconstructions (Newburn p104). BAD